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PV System and Utility Interconnects
The increase in size of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in recent years has made it more and more difficult to install the AC output into existing building panelboards, either at the electrical service...
View ArticleElectric utility/supply authority requirements in conjunction with electrical...
The subject of jurisdictional demarcation between electrical design of installations required to be performed in accordance with the CE Code, Part I and work by power supply authorities (by electric...
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Wiring Requirements in Hazardous Locations
One common way of minimizing possibilities of electrical wiring and equipment becoming an ignition source in hazardous (classified) locations is to locate the equipment and wiring outside of the...
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Article 705.12(A) — Point of Connection Supply Side Connections
I still remember the day when a fellow inspector tapped me on the shoulder and said: “Be ready to leave in 20 minutes; we’re going to look at this PV.” PV, I thought to myself, What’s that? Heck I just...
View ArticleAre There Any Listed Energy Storage Systems
Question The 2017 NEC has a new article on energy storage systems, does UL List these systems? Yes. UL Certifies/Lists energy storage systems for use in accordance with new Article 706 in the 2017...
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Visible Isolation of High Voltage Disconnecting Means
Why is visible isolation required for high voltage circuits? High voltage visible isolation has been required in Canada since the fifties. Visible isolation is the ability to see the blades of a switch...
View ArticlePV Power Plants
Large-scale PV plants have become commonplace in the desert southwest with plants routinely exceeding 100 MW in size. The largest plants in the U.S. are over 500 MW. [China has the largest such plant...
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Transformer conductors and overcurrent protection
This article will focus on overcurrent protection and conductor sizing for low-voltage transformers. As a reminder, low voltage is defined in the Canadian Electrical Code (CE Code) as any voltage...
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A Closer Inspection of the Growing Outdoor Power Trend
One of the biggest trends in the facility management industry is the desire for permanent power in outdoor spaces. People have smartphones on them at all times, workers are more mobile than in the past...
View ArticleA Cost-Effective Compact Design Expands Capabilities at Major U.S. Dam
One of the largest power-generating dams on the Columbia River in the northwest United States needed to replace a single-ended unit substation to ensure operational uptime. Built in the mid-1950s, the...
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